The stages and periods of the formation of the science of principles of jurisprudence in the sphere of Islamic sciences

Regarding the science of the principles of jurisprudence, one of the basic questions is how it came about and the course of its evolution in the history of Islamic sciences, which has been neglected to some extent by the seekers of this science and has been placed on the sidelines of ambiguous and complex fundamental issues. Because the genealogy and historical knowledge of each phenomenon is important in knowing its nature and truth, examining the periods and stages of the development of the science of the principles of jurisprudence is also considered important and necessary in knowing more about this science. The background and literature of this topic can be found scattered in some basic books and also new researches have been formed on this topic. However, the present article aims to examine the periods and stages of the science of the principles of jurisprudence at certain points in time and is categorized and systematic. The principles of Sunni jurisprudence and the principles of Shia jurisprudence have each followed a different path in historical periods; Although Abu Hanifa is considered one of the pioneers of Sunni jurisprudence in the second century of Hijri, Shafi'i is the first person who created a written work on the principles of Sunni jurisprudence. The flourishing stage of Sunni jurisprudence is from the fourth century to the middle of the seventh century of Hijri, which was marked by the creation of numerous works in the field of jurisprudence. With the foundation of Shiite jurisprudence science by Imam Baqir (a.s.) and Imam Sadiq (a.s.), the period of its establishment is considered to be the fourth century of Hijri, and after that, in the fifth to seventh centuries; It has been established from the time of Sheikh Tusi to Mohaghegh Hali. According to the nature and truth of this research, the data collection method is library and the data analysis method is descriptive analysis.